The article presents, in a synthetic form, technical and technological changes in the world and their impact on political events and, consequently, on economic changes. Changes in economic development (primarily the growth of the service sector) are presented using the example of selected countries, indicating the impact of these changes on the growth of gross domestic product. The concepts of “new economy” and “new economics” are also addressed.
The 19th century went down in history as a period of technical progress – the age of “steam,” in which human muscle power was replaced by machines. The following century saw further development of technology, which significantly transformed the prevailing economic relations. The most developed countries in the world began an evolution, as a result of which they moved from an agriculture-based economy to an economy dominated by industry.
Generally, this period can be divided into several stages:
• the first – the industrial revolution. The introduction of machines (mainly in the textile industry) first in England, then in Western Europe and the United States;
• the second, in which economic development was closely linked to the development of railways. It not only enabled the transport of people and cargo but also stimulated the process of industrialization;
• the third stage is the emergence of the automobile, the mass availability of electricity, as well as the development of chemical manufacturing and other industrial sectors;
• the fourth (conventionally called Fordism) enabled – mainly thanks to the use of the assembly line – mass production. This invention had a great impact on the development of communication [1];
• the fifth began at the turn of the second and third millennium. It is the era of another revolution – the development of telecommunications, electronics, and the Internet. (…)
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Source: Logistyka Magazine