The article describes the possibilities of using a single-point surround microphone for Sound Source Localization (SSL). The experiments utilized a “soundfield” microphone with four transducers (capsules) featuring cardioid characteristics. A special mechanical design ensures that the transducer as a whole possesses an omnidirectional characteristic. This microphone enables 3D sound acquisition in the so-called A-format. After further signal processing, it is possible to determine, for example, the direction of a sound source in space. The conducted experiments prove that a simple computational algorithm is particularly suitable for real-time implementation, and the use of a “soundfield” microphone significantly simplifies the mechanical construction of the system. One of the first devices for sound source localization was the so-called “Topophon,” patented by A. M. Mayer in 1880. This device was intended to assist navigators in locating ships traveling along a river. The construction resembled a stethoscope used by doctors, with the difference that instead of a “microphone,” two horns spaced approximately 1 m apart were used. (…)
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Source: Logistyka Magazine
Spatial identification of sound source direction – PDF file for download