This article discusses the operating principle of brushless DC (BLDC) motors. Control methods and commutation timing detection are discussed. Several methods used to measure the rotor position angle are presented. Methods for controlling electronic switches using unipolar and bipolar techniques are described.1. INTRODUCTION
Among synchronous DC motors, brushless (BLDC) motors can be distinguished. This motor does not have a mechanical commutator, and a rotating magnetic field is obtained through an electronic controller. The sequence of powering the motor phases depends on control signals, which are generated based on the rotor position signal. By removing the mechanical commutator, many advantages of this motor have been achieved. The absence of brushes on the commutator means no arc discharges, reduced radio interference, and increased reliability. This allows the motor to operate in aggressive and explosive environments. In a BLDC motor, there is no phenomenon of loss of synchronism in the event of motor overload, which is a drawback of other synchronous machines. This results from the way the rotating magnetic field is generated.
This field is shaped based on the measurement of the rotor position angle relative to the stator, rather than in the time domain as in other synchronous machines. (…)
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Source: Logistyka Magazine