In December 2009, precise area navigation with an accuracy of ± 1 nautical mile (± 1,852 m) was introduced in the area of Warsaw Okęcie Airport. The paper analyzes the problem of how the introduction of new positioning and navigation methods in the vicinity of airports affects the capacity and safety of flight operations. The primary parameter for evaluating the navigation of an airport and its surrounding area is the capacity for takeoff and landing flight operations. To determine the impact of changing the navigation method on airport capacity, a simplified operational model of the airport area was developed.INTRODUCTION
Satellite navigation is a branch of navigation that uses navigation signals from artificial satellites placed in Earth orbits. These signals are mainly used to determine the position of a receiver. Currently, the primary satellite navigation systems are: GPS NAVSTAR and GLONAS, while the GALILEO and BAIDOU systems are in development and construction.
1. GPS NAVSTAR SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEM
GPS (Global Positioning System) NAVSTAR (Navigation Satellite Time and Ranging) is a satellite-based navigation, positioning, and time coordination system controlled by the US military. The first satellite of the system was placed in orbit in 1978. Over time, the system has been modernized many times. The system allows for precise position determination (positioning), as well as time determination with an accuracy of 10 −9 in the UTC (Universal Time Coordinated) standard. The GPS NAVSTAR system consists of a space segment, a control segment, and a user segment:
• the space segment consists of 24 satellites distributed across six orbits, which allows for the reception of signals from 5 – 12 satellites from any point on Earth; additionally, several satellites serve to replace another satellite in the event of a failure, (…)
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Source: Logistyka Magazine 4/2011