The article consists of two parts. The first part is devoted to the assessment of freight and passenger transport trends in the European Union by individual modes of transport. The second part analyzes the development of transport in the Polish economy. The research was conducted in the EU-15 and EU-25 as well as in Poland in various time intervals between 1990 and 2004.
Transport trends in the European Union
In the EU-15, as well as after the accession of the next 10 countries, there is a trend of constant growth in total freight and passenger transport. Freight transport in EU-15 countries in the years 1991-2002 is characterized by an average annual increase of 2.7%, while in 2001 – compared to 1970 – transport increased by 120%. The annual growth rates of freight transport in tkm in the EU-25 in the years 1995-2004 amounted to 2.8%, while in 2003-2004 – 5.1% (tab. 1). Analogous relationships apply to passenger transport. In the period discussed above, they were at the level of 1.7% on average per year and 128% in 2001 compared to 1970. In passenger transport in pkm in the EU-25 in the years 1995-2003, the average annual increases reached 1.9%, and in the years 2002-2003 they decreased to 0.9% (tab. 1). Total freight transport in EU-15 countries measured by the volume of transport work performed in billion tkm in the years 1995-2004 is presented in tab. 2. The structure of freight transport by mode of transport in 2004 was as follows: road 44.3; maritime 39.0; rail 10.0; inland waterway 3.4; pipeline 3.3 (tab. 3 and fig. 1). Freight transport in billion tkm by road, rail, inland waterway, pipeline, maritime, and air transport in the EU-25 in the years 1996-2004 is presented in tab. 2.
In the EU-15, as well as after the accession of the next 10 countries, there is a trend of constant growth in total freight and passenger transport. Freight transport in EU-15 countries in the years 1991-2002 is characterized by an average annual increase of 2.7%, while in 2001 – compared to 1970 – transport increased by 120%. The annual growth rates of freight transport in tkm in the EU-25 in the years 1995-2004 amounted to 2.8%, while in 2003-2004 – 5.1% (tab. 1). Analogous relationships apply to passenger transport. In the period discussed above, they were at the level of 1.7% on average per year and 128% in 2001 compared to 1970. In passenger transport in pkm in the EU-25 in the years 1995-2003, the average annual increases reached 1.9%, and in the years 2002-2003 they decreased to 0.9% (tab. 1). Total freight transport in EU-15 countries measured by the volume of transport work performed in billion tkm in the years 1995-2004 is presented in tab. 2. The structure of freight transport by mode of transport in 2004 was as follows: road 44.3; maritime 39.0; rail 10.0; inland waterway 3.4; pipeline 3.3 (tab. 3 and fig. 1). Freight transport in billion tkm by road, rail, inland waterway, pipeline, maritime, and air transport in the EU-25 in the years 1996-2004 is presented in tab. 2.
The article comes from the magazine “Logistyka” 5/2006.